漢坦病毒郵輪上究竟發生了什麼？一位船上醫生的親歷
What Happened on the Hantavirus Cruise, According to a Doctor on Board
漢坦病毒郵輪上究竟發生了什麼？一位船上醫生的親歷
A passenger helped manage the outbreak after the ship』s doctor on the MV Hondius fell ill.
MV 「洪迪烏斯」號船醫病倒后，一名乘客挺身而出，接手疫情應對工作。
Illustration by The Atlantic. Sources: Celmins, Vija / The Art Institute of Chicago / Lannan Foundation; Bridgeman Images.
插圖：《大西洋月刊》。圖片來源：Celmins, Vija / 芝加哥藝術博物館 / Lannan基金會；Bridgeman Images。
May 7, 2026, 5:27 PM ET
2026年5月7日 美東時間下午5:27
When Stephen Kornfeld set sail aboard the MV Hondius in early April, his grand plan for the cruise was to add as many new species as possible to his birding list. A medical oncologist based in Bend, Oregon, Kornfeld is also an avid birder—second on eBird』s renowned rankings of birders worldwide—and the ship would visit several remote islands, where he might spot some of the globe』s most obscure avians. But last week, Kornfeld』s trip took an unexpected twist: He stepped in to care for three people thought to be sick with hantavirus, a severe respiratory pathogen that can kill roughly half of the people it infects. Kornfeld was, and still is, 「a passenger on this boat,」 he told me. 「But I became the doctor on this boat.」
四月初，斯蒂芬·科恩菲爾德登上MV「洪迪烏斯」號時，他對這趟航行的全部期待，就是儘可能多地在自己的觀鳥名錄上添上幾個新物種。科恩菲爾德是俄勒岡州本德市的一名腫瘤內科醫生，同時也是一位狂熱的觀鳥愛好者——在全球知名的eBird觀鳥排行榜上位列第二。這艘船將造訪數座偏遠島嶼，他或許有機會一睹地球上最罕見的鳥類真容。然而上周，旅程出現了意想不到的轉折：他臨時接手救治了三名疑似感染漢坦病毒的患者——這是一種致死率高達約50%的嚴重呼吸道病原體。科恩菲爾德過去是、現在仍然是「這艘船上的一名乘客」，他對我說，「但我變成了這艘船上的醫生。」
Since the MV Hondius departed, at least eight people have come down with suspected or confirmed cases of hantavirus; three have died. People typically get infected by the virus via the aerosolized feces or other bodily secretions of infected rodents. But the World Health Organization has confirmed that this hantavirus is a species called Andes virus, which has sometimes spread person to person, under conditions of close and prolonged contact—such as, say, on a cruise ship with about 150 people on board.
自「洪迪烏斯」號起航以來，已有至少八人出現漢坦病毒疑似或確診癥狀，其中三人死亡。人類感染該病毒的典型途徑是吸入受感染嚙齒類動物的氣溶化糞便或其他體液分泌物。但世界衛生組織已確認，此次涉及的病毒為漢坦病毒屬中的安第斯病毒，該病毒此前有過人際傳播的記錄——前提是密切且持續的接觸，比如說，在一艘載有約150人的郵輪上。
A month ago, as the cruise departed from Argentina, Kornfeld and the other passengers—among them, dozens of birders—were buzzing about the whales, seals, and dolphins they』d spotted cavorting in the South Atlantic Ocean, and gossiping about the adventures ahead. When a 70-year-old Dutch man, one of the birders, died aboard on April 11, Kornfeld and the others were shaken but considered the incident a freak accident, with no implications for anyone else on board. But then, roughly two weeks later, the Dutch man』s wife fell sick, too, dying shortly after she was taken off the ship. After another birder, a British man, grew feverish and began struggling to breathe, he was evacuated to a South African ICU, where he remains in care.
一個月前，郵輪從阿根廷啟航時，科恩菲爾德和其他乘客——其中不乏數十位觀鳥者——還在興奮地談論著南大西洋上嬉戲的鯨魚、海豹和海豚，對即將到來的冒險充滿期待。4月11日，一位70歲的荷蘭男子——也是船上的觀鳥者之一——在船上去世。科恩菲爾德和其他人雖然深受震動，但當時認為這隻是一起突發的個案，與他人無關。然而大約兩周后，這位荷蘭男子的妻子也病倒了，在被轉移下船后不久即告不治。緊接著，另一位英國籍觀鳥者開始發燒並出現呼吸困難，隨後被緊急撤離至南非一家重症監護室，目前仍在接受治療。
By the end of April, three other people on board had started to feel quite ill—including two crew members, among them the ship』s doctor, who had been assessing the other patients. Many people on the ship』s small crew were trained to provide some degree of medical support. But there was no official backup physician, Kornfeld said, and when the crew started asking who among the passengers had a medical background, few were able to help.
四月底，船上又有三人明顯感到不適——其中包括兩名船員，而其中之一正是此前一直在為其他患者做評估的船醫。船上的小型船員團隊中，不少人受過一定程度的醫療培訓，但並沒有配備正式的後備醫生。科恩菲爾德說，當船員們開始在乘客中詢問誰具有醫學背景時，能幫上忙的人寥寥無幾。
Feeling the urgency of the situation, Kornfeld stepped in. He officially began assisting the crew on May 1—last Friday—at first assuming that the doctor would need aid for just a day or two while he recovered from a presumably short-lived, flu-like illness. But the situation rapidly began to intensify. The next day, the ailing passenger, a German woman, died; at about the same time, test results from sick passengers who had left the cruise were beginning to trickle back—sending the word hantavirus surging through the ship. The ship』s doctor was so stricken with symptoms that he had to confine himself to his quarters. A deadly infectious disease was likely on board, and 「the ship』s doctor was not going to be able to function as the ship』s doctor,」 Kornfeld said. The cruise』s main medical duties now, by default, fell to him.
感受到形勢的緊迫，科恩菲爾德決定介入。他於5月1日——上周五——正式開始協助船員，起初以為船醫只是患了一場短暫的類流感疾病，自己幫一兩天忙就行。但局勢急轉直下。第二天，那位患病的德國女乘客去世了；幾乎同一時間，此前離船就醫的患者檢測結果陸續傳回——「漢坦病毒」這個詞如同電流般在船上迅速蔓延。船醫的癥狀嚴重到不得不將自己隔離在艙房中。一種致命的傳染病極有可能已經登船，而「船醫已經無法再履行船醫的職責了」，科恩菲爾德說。郵輪的主要醫療工作，事實上已經落在了他的肩上。
Kornfeld had retired from his full-time oncology job more than a decade ago, although he still picks up shifts here and there at several of Oregon』s rural hospitals. Now he was being thrust into a nerve-racking, life-or-death situation, and caring for ill and potentially infectious patients while trying to communicate with the rest of the passengers on board, all with very limited resources. Several members of the crew assisted him where they could. But although the ship had a medical facility of sorts, Kornfeld told me he found little more than the supplies that a cruise doctor would need to deal with routine illness at sea: some anti-inflammatory drugs, a few over-the-counter medications, a fleet of oxygen tanks—unsurprisingly, not the sorts of chest scanners or ventilators that could come in handy for diagnosing and managing severe respiratory illness. The ship did have plenty of surgical masks, though, plus some N95 respirators. Kornfeld strapped one on each day that he was with the sick, along with goggles, an apron, and gloves.
科恩菲爾德十多年前就已從全職腫瘤科工作中退休，儘管他至今仍偶爾在俄勒岡州幾家鄉村醫院代班。如今，他被推入了一個高度緊張、生死攸關的境地——在資源極其有限的條件下，既要照護可能具有傳染性的患者，又要與船上其他乘客溝通情況。幾名船員在力所能及之處協助他。但儘管船上設有某種意義上的醫療設施，科恩菲爾德告訴我，他發現裏面不過是一些郵輪醫生應對海上常見病症的基本物資：一些消炎藥、幾種非處方葯、一批氧氣罐——毫不意外，並沒有那種對診斷和處理嚴重呼吸系統疾病大有裨益的胸部掃描儀或呼吸機。不過船上倒是備有充足的外科口罩和一些N95防護口罩。在照看患者的每一天，科恩菲爾德都會戴上N95口罩，配上護目鏡、防護圍裙和手套。
Kornfeld』s new role on the boat put him at one of the central nodes of a global effort to save these patients—and, ultimately, contain the outbreak. In between checking on his patients, he juggled phone calls, emails, and WhatsApp messages from medical and research professionals from several groups, he told me, including the WHO and Oceanwide Expeditions, the company running the cruise. Among the experts he connected with were some of the world』s foremost hantavirus researchers; whatever questions he had, he got the answers to. (When reached for comment, the WHO pointed me to a Thursday press conference, but declined to comment on Kornfeld specifically. Oceanwide declined to comment on 「individual stories」 from the MV Hondius, instead pointing me to its press releases on the outbreak.)
科恩菲爾德在船上扮演的新角色，使他成為一場全球性救援與疫情遏制行動的核心節點之一。在查看患者之餘，他不停地接打電話、回復郵件、處理WhatsApp消息，對接來自多個機構的醫學和研究專業人士——據他所述，其中包括世衛組織以及運營此次航行的Oceanwide探險公司。他聯繫上的專家中，不乏世界頂尖的漢坦病毒研究者；無論他提出什麼問題，都能得到解答。（世衛組織在回應採訪請求時，將我引向了周四的新聞發布會，但拒絕就科恩菲爾德個人發表評論。Oceanwide公司則表示不對「洪迪烏斯」號上的」個人故事」置評，轉而讓我參閱其關於本次疫情的新聞稿。）
In some ways, the likely presence of hantavirus made the situation simpler. 「In medicine, sick is sick,」 Kornfeld said. Hantavirus doesn』t have a specific cure or treatment; helping those who had been presumably infected wasn』t a matter of administering a particular drug but of monitoring, preventing deterioration, and triaging any other passengers or crew who came to him with worrying symptoms.
從某種意義上說，漢坦病毒的大概率存在反而讓局勢變得更加明朗。「在醫學里，病就是病，」科恩菲爾德說。漢坦病毒沒有特效藥或特定療法；救治疑似感染者的關鍵不在於使用某種特定藥物，而在於密切監測、防止病情惡化，以及對前來就診的其他出現可疑癥狀的乘客和船員進行甄別分診。
After the German passenger died, the ship docked off the shore of Cabo Verde to await the crew members』 medical evacuation. Doctors from the island came on board to assess the patients but did not stay for long. Kornfeld continued to attend to his patients almost around the clock: On Tuesday, he told me, he spent nearly 18 hours anxiously monitoring their fluid status and oxygen levels, hoping that their heart and lungs would not fail; that night, he estimates he cobbled together three hours of sleep.
德國女乘客去世后，船隻停靠在維德角近海，等待對患病船員進行醫療撤離。島上的醫生曾登船評估患者狀況，但並未久留。科恩菲爾德繼續幾乎全天候地守護著他的患者：他告訴我，周二那天，他花了將近18個小時焦灼地監測著患者的體液狀態和血氧水平，祈禱他們的心肺不要衰竭；那天夜裡，他估計自己只拼湊出了三個小時的睡眠。
By then, Kornfeld had also become a key source of intel for his fellow passengers. They wanted to know the risks of the situation; they wanted him to tell them how concerned to be about diarrhea, a back ache, an errant cough—could some of it mean that they had the virus too? Some also approached him with worries about their medications, which were running dangerously low, conversing with him through masks between his shifts caring for patients. Eventually, he became known by many around the boat as 「Doctor Steve.」
到那時，科恩菲爾德也已經成為船上同行乘客們的重要信息來源。人們想知道當前的風險有多大；想讓他判斷腹瀉、腰痛、偶爾的咳嗽是否意味著自己也感染了病毒。還有人在他換班的間隙隔著口罩向他傾訴對藥物即將耗盡的擔憂。漸漸地，船上許多人都開始叫他「史蒂夫醫生」。
With hantavirus now a clear and present threat, the ship』s crew took action, too, Peter Marsh, one of the ship』s passengers and birders, told me—」trying to contain the situation and keep the rest of us safe.」 They advised masking and distancing, and asked passengers to stay in their cabin as much as they could when they weren』t carefully socializing on the outdoor deck; the crew doubled down on sanitization procedures all across the boat. Essentially, 「we started adopting the previous COVID protocol,」 Kenneth Petersen, another bird-watcher colleague of Kornfeld』s on the ship, told me. Kornfeld』s presence was especially reassuring to the ship』s many birders, among whom the doctor was something of a celebrity for his species-spotting prowess, Marsh, who has known Kornfeld for more than a decade, told me: 「When he gave medical advice, they were very receptive.」
隨著漢坦病毒威脅日益明確，船員也迅速採取了行動。船上的乘客兼觀鳥者彼得·馬什告訴我，他們在「努力控制局面，保護我們其餘人的安全」。船方建議乘客佩戴口罩、保持社交距離，並要求大家盡量待在艙房內，只在戶外甲板上有節制地社交；與此同時，船員全面加強了全船的消毒程序。「實際上，我們啟用了之前新冠時期的防疫方案，」科恩菲爾德的另一位觀鳥同好、同船乘客肯尼斯·彼得森告訴我。科恩菲爾德的存在對船上眾多觀鳥者而言格外令人安心，在這個圈子裡，他憑藉出色的物種辨識能力早已是名人般的存在。與科恩菲爾德相識十余年的馬什對我說：「當他給出醫學建議時，大家都非常信服。」
The two sick crew members were evacuated on Wednesday, along with—out of an abundance of caution—the traveling companion of the female passenger who died aboard last week. In the meantime, no one else has come to Kornfeld with concerning symptoms, he told me. Overall, the mood aboard has remained relatively optimistic, the passengers I spoke with said: Many people are still (carefully) participating in morning outdoor exercise classes, and in the afternoons, Kornfeld still spots a bit of dancing around the deck as people enjoy their drinks. And they』ve shown up in whatever ways they can for one another. Even as crew members ailed, their colleagues passed them words of encouragement through their closed cabin doors; when they were medically evacuated, passengers signed get-well cards.
周三，兩名患病船員被撤離，出於謹慎考慮，上周在船上去世的那位女乘客的同行旅伴也一併轉移。與此同時，再沒有其他人向科恩菲爾德報告令人擔憂的癥狀。我採訪的幾位乘客表示，船上的整體情緒仍然相對樂觀：許多人依然（小心翼翼地）參加每天早上的戶外健身課，到了下午，科恩菲爾德還能看到有人在甲板上隨著飲品微微起舞。人們也在力所能及之處彼此支撐。即使在船員卧病期間，他們的同事也會隔著緊閉的艙門為他們送上鼓勵的話語；在他們被醫療撤離時，乘客們簽好了慰問卡送行。
The ship left Cabo Verde yesterday and is expected to dock in the Canary Islands this weekend. Now aboard are officials from the WHO and Europe』s CDC, plus two infectious-disease doctors from the Netherlands, Maria Van Kerkhove, the acting director of epidemic and pandemic management at the WHO, told me. They will watch and wait to see if others fall sick. The next big hurdle will be getting everyone else home, as officials assess the boat and its passengers, and countries with nationals aboard weigh how to handle their return.
郵輪昨天已離開維德角，預計本周末抵達加那利群島。世衛組織代理流行病和大流行管理司司長瑪麗亞·范·科霍芙告訴我，船上現已有世衛組織和歐洲疾控中心的官員，以及兩名來自荷蘭的傳染病醫生。他們將密切觀察，等待是否還有其他人發病。下一個重大挑戰將是如何送所有人安全回家——當局需要對船隻和乘客進行評估，而船上各國乘客的母國也在斟酌如何處理本國公民的返程事宜。
Kornfeld expects to be monitored closely in the coming days, given how much time he spent with sick patients. He told me that he』s taken at least some comfort in knowing that this species of the virus seemed to require intense, prolonged exposure to do damage, and that he took the proper precautions; as a physician, part of his charter is to help others, even at his own personal risk. Now 「if I』m not helpful anymore, I』m happy to just fade back and become a passenger again,」 he said. Although this trip may be more remembered for its hantavirus troubles, Kornfeld told me his initial birding ambitions weren』t for naught. He saw roughly two dozen new species on the weekslong trip. And although the boat never landed on Cabo Verde, he still spotted one of the birds he had hoped to see there, flying over the island. His most recent eBird log is marked May 3, 2026: a Cape Verde swift.
科恩菲爾德預計自己在接下來幾天將受到密切監測，畢竟他與患者共處了大量時間。他告訴我，至少有一件事讓他略感寬慰——這一型病毒似乎需要高強度、長時間的暴露才會致病，而他已經做了適當的防護。作為一名醫生，救助他人本就是他的使命所在，即便這意味著承擔個人風險。如今，「如果我不再被需要了，我很樂意退回去，重新做一名普通乘客，」他說。儘管這趟旅程或許更多會因漢坦病毒而被人銘記，科恩菲爾德告訴我，他最初的觀鳥願望並非徒勞。在這趟數周的航程中，他觀測到了大約二十多個新物種。雖然船隻最終未能登陸維德角，他仍然在飛越島嶼上空時看到了一種他此前期待已久的鳥。他最近一條eBird記錄標註的日期是2026年5月3日：一隻維德角雨燕。
*以上內容系網友指點山河自行轉載自懂王學英語，該文僅代表原作者觀點和態度。yeeyi號系信息發布平台，僅提供信息存儲空間服務，不代表贊同其觀點和對其真實性負責。如果對文章或圖片/視頻版權有異議，請郵件至我們反饋，平台將會及時處理。